A death is often a traumatic enough event, without the added burden of dealing with estate matters. Unfortunately, many people underestimate the costs related to death, especially the smaller fees that quickly add up. Consequently, loved ones sometimes find themselves in situations where they have to sell valuable assets in order to settle the outstanding debts of the deceased.

In an article recently published on Moneyweb, the chairperson of FISA, Ronel Williams, offers advice on how you can ensure that everything goes as smoothly as possible in the event of your passing. This article breaks down the costs incurred after death, and takes a brief look at how to reduce them.

She explains that “the costs involved in an estate can broadly be classified as administration costs and claims against the estate… Claims against the estate are those the deceased was liable for at the time of death, the notable exception being tax.”

The most significant administration costs are generally the executor’s and conveyancing fees. Fortunately, with a bit of planning, you can reduce some of the costs involved by negotiating the executor’s fee with your appointed executor when you draft your will. You should then stipulate this fee in the will or ask the executor to confirm the agreed fee in writing.

Williams elaborates that, “depending on who the executor is and what the composition of your estate is, you can probably negotiate up to a 50% discount.”

However, the discount can vary depending on factors such as whether a surviving spouse is the sole heir or whether you have additional business and offshore interests. She also highlights that “costs of security can also be avoided completely by exempting the nominated executor from lodging the bond of security in the will.”

As Williams is quick to emphasise, “death can be an expensive and cumbersome affair, particularly if estate planning was neglected.”

It is, therefore, important to do proper planning to ensure you have taken the most effective measures to reduce the costs. It is also important to take out life and/or bond insurance so that sufficient cash is available for your heirs to settle any claims against the estate and to pay for all the smaller administration costs that have little scope for negotiation.

Positive steps to regulate and improve the conduct and professionalism of the financial planning industry have been made over the past months and are now coming to a point where it will impact our clients. These steps have been called the Retail Distribution Review (RDR).

On the surface, RDR is looking to turn the commission-based world of financial advice on its head and render it a fee-charging service – just like any other professional service, such as that offered by an architect or a lawyer. Deeper down, it will create a level of accountability that thrives in an environment of trust and ongoing value – which is the space that a financial planner should always fill.

In an article published on Maya on Money, the General Manager of Broker Distribution at Sanlam Personal Finance, Jacques Coetzer, clarifies the situation succinctly. He explains that, as a client, “you will start to pay a fee specifically for advice services, as well as a fee for advice related to the products you eventually purchase.”

With the new systems that will be coming into place, the key is to be prepared in advance. So don’t be scared to ask questions, discuss this and find out what it will mean for you. This new system provides more options – in terms of the value you receive and how you receive it – and you will most likely be in a position to negotiate a fee structure for advice and planning services.

RDR proposes three main payment options:

1. Retainer fee
   This can be paid on a monthly or quarterly basis and will give you the right to a review or certain services throughout the year.
2. Advice payment
   You will only pay for advice when given and, if you decide to act on it, this can then potentially be offset against a purchase fee.
3. Negotiated fee
   This can be paid as a once-off transaction or deduction from an investment.

Many people question the need to pay for the advice or services of a financial planner when they could invest independently. However, given the smorgasbord of investment options on the market, this could prove to be an overwhelming activity and result in costly mistakes that could easily be avoided.

Coetzer explains that knowledge and experience can’t be obtained from a website, and “qualified and accredited brokers offer a significant service to empower South Africans to take charge of their financial destiny.”

A UK study confirms his beliefs in its findings that “clients who received appropriate financial advice typically saved nearly double the amount for their retirement than those who didn’t seek advice.”

Secure your financial future by initiating discussions soon to learn about how the new regulations will affect you.

One sneaky fact about retirement, that many of us often overlook, is that it arrives faster than we expect! Essentially, we are never too young to think about our retirement investments inside of a healthy financial portfolio.

As you read this blog, please also bear in mind that each person’s retirement goals are unique and may have different investment vehicles inside their retirement investment plan. This post refers specifically to living annuities – and can be rather technical. If you have specific questions regarding your portfolio, then let’s set up a meeting to address your personal situation.

South African pensioners have about ZAR350 billion invested in living annuities from which they can draw a pension that is equal to between 2.5 and 17.5 percent of the annual investment value.

Most people appreciate that living annuities come with many risks – from investment markets delivering poor returns, to outliving their capital. Nonetheless, 90 percent of people who belong to retirement funds buy living annuities instead of guaranteed annuities, and are willing to take these risks in the hope of greater returns for themselves and their heirs. However, the Financial Services Board (FSB) is concerned that living annuitants may not fully understand one of the biggest risks of the product – that is the risk of depleting their money prematurely.

In an article published on Personal Finance, Marc Thomas, the manager of client outcomes and product research at Bridge Asset Management, explains the situation simply. “Unit trust funds that have the best returns in terms of the value of the units could still do poorly in terms of providing an income that buys back the units lost when drawing an income.”

As the units are depleted, the capital value of the annuity declines. However, to compound this decline, the yield earned on your investment is also reduced because you have fewer units on which to earn an income.

Sadly, as a result of not fully appreciating the risk involved, many pensioners are forced to dramatically reduce their pensions at some stage of their retirement because they have simply sold too many units. If they see healthy returns, they surrender to a false sense of security and believe they can continue drawing a high income, or even increase it further.

It is often the case that the income earned by the portfolio only covers around a third of the income drawn. Thomas warns that “if you are selling more units than you are buying with the dividends and interest your investments earn, you will eventually run out of money… But if, over time, the units you withdraw equal the units you can buy with the income earned from your investments, you will not run out of money.”

So how can you prevent this from happening to you?

An obvious solution would be to ensure that you have a portfolio that earns an income that matches the amount you require – or at least a very high proportion of it.

Additionally, when reading the statements that you are sent, which include information about the units sold over the period, it is important to focus on the unit balance. Thomas emphasises that “living annuities and annual income withdrawal decisions should not be managed solely on capital values, which can be highly volatile in the short term… Instead, unit balances and the income produced by the investments should be monitored constantly.”

In recent times, providers have also launched products with more guarantees, as well as a living annuity with an underlying investment in a guaranteed annuity that provides an income for life. It is, therefore, important to find out what options are available to you and to assess the risks so that you can properly prepare for your retirement – without surprise cutbacks.

The important thing is to not be fooled into complacency while drawing an income. Even if a fund produces healthy double-digit annual returns over a decade, pensioners have been warned to not draw more than 5% per year.

The South African landscape of junk status is looking rocky and, in a time like this, it is important to stay informed about what is happening and how it could affect you.

Political risks from South Africa’s cabinet reshuffle on the last day of March 2017 have been labelled accountable for Standard & Poor’s (S&P) downgrade of the country’s international credit rating to junk status and the subsequent currency crash.

In spite of Jacob Zuma’s attempts to encourage his cabinet to quell the fears of international investors, his firing of some of his critics and the finance minister, Pravin Gordhan, who was seen as a stalwart supporter of anti-corruption, has created a whirlwind of chaos. After regaining strength and reaching a 20-month high, the South African Rand recently plunged by 13% against the US Dollar, and analysts predict that it will continue to weaken.

Malusi Gigabathe, the newly appointed finance minister, has assured us that the ratings cut will ensure greater government focus on transforming the economy and addressing the racial inequality in working life.

WHAT DOES THIS MEAN?
Countries that are downgraded to junk status are often referred to as ‘fallen angels’. Many investment funds – both local and international – are not allowed to invest pensions or savings in countries that have this status.

Christie Viljoen‚ senior economist at KPMG South Africa‚ explained to TimesLive that, as a result, “investment funds will sell their debt as they are mandated to place their money in investment-grade jurisdictions only.”

Reuters has even reported that as much as US$10 billion dollars could leave South Africa. The Rand will then continue to plummet as more and more people sell Rands and buy other currencies instead.

However, the slightly reassuring news for the time being is that the Global Bond Index refers to the country’s domestic credit rating. As S&P didn’t downgrade South Africa’s domestic rating to junk status as well, it is fortunately unlikely that foreign investors will be forced to withdraw as stands.

Also, many foreign investment mandates do still allow for investment in a country so long as it remains on an investment grade rating of at least one credit rating agency.

Even though that may be the case, many argue that its junk status will still make South Africa unattractive to foreign investors, which would result in less job opportunities.

HIGHER FUEL PRICES
It could also become a more expensive place to live, as oil is bought in US dollars so this price rises when the Rand weakens as a knock-on effect of the instability. This means that South Africans are likely to see a rise in petrol prices and thus transport costs, which will affect the cost of everything that is transported in trucks – so basically, anything you buy at the shop.

HIGHER INTEREST RATES
The junk status will also push up South Africa’s borrowing costs and could, therefore, drive increases in interest rates. This means that the people who will be most negatively affected by the downgrading are those who have debt – from short-term loans, to long-term car and home loan obligations – as their debt will increase and be harder to pay.

The Mail & Guardian explained the situation clearly on a Twitter thread:

“Junk status effectively means a country becomes a defaulting risk because it can’t pay back what it has borrowed … The two biggest consequences of a credit junk-grading are political and financial. When gov can’t borrow from capital markets, it has to borrow from other governments (look East?) or institutions like the IMF. This is the kicker because this leads to a loss in sovereignty. Typically there are strings attached… The structural adjustments imposed by the IMF & World Bank can affect national policy. Everyone is affected but some more so than others. The poor will bear the brunt of the downgrade, as will young people.”

S&P also expects the interest costs on government debt to rise from 3.2% of GDP to 4.25%. If this happens, there could end up being less money for other expenditures such as health, infrastructure and education.

Times Live clarifies that “junk status ultimately means the government will pay much more to borrow money. The government then has two choices: to cut spending or increase taxes to cover the extra costs spent on debt.”

LIGHT AT THE END OF THE TUNNEL
However, even with the threat of an increase in tax and interest rates, and a generally higher cost of living, it may not be all doom and gloom for investors. Nafez Zouk, senior economist at Oxford Economics explained to Reuters that “fallen angels often draw in a different investor base seeking higher yields and more speculative investments.”

Certain emerging market fund managers are waiting for opportunities such as the one South Africa could present and, although its trajectory may not be looking positive for a few years thanks to the political situation, Jan Dehn at Ashmore Investment Management suggested that “if prices fall enough that the credit has been oversold relative to how risky it is, then clearly that’s a buying opportunity.”

In a time of chaos, it is important to keep your wits about you and not simply make emotional decisions, especially with regards to an investment portfolio. Review your financial situation rationally to prepare for your future, protect your investments and make your money work for you.

In a land of inequality, education has a greater value than ever before and it can pave the path of success for children. However, many parents are financially crippling themselves in order to offer what is considered the ‘best’ education for their offspring, when this is arguably not wholly necessary.

In an unstable political and economic climate, in which certain human rights are sadly still far from inalienable, most parents understand that it is important to invest in their child’s welfare and future. If value were to correspond directly with quality, it could be safely assumed that higher fees would equate to a higher standard of education. However, the worth of a service is often subjective, and various factors should be taken into consideration before parents make assumptions about what higher school fees will buy.

Fin24 recently published an article that questioned education experts on the worth of private boarding schools in South Africa. Sadly, the government is still unable to provide everyone with free education, and private schools are quite simply filling the gap in an ill-functioning market. The lack of spaces at some low-fee schools, which tend to offer a better education than no-fee state schools, also means that the elite private school sector is rapidly expanding and pressure is put on parents to pay astronomically high fees for these exclusive alternatives.

Private schooling in South Africa can set parents back over ZAR200,000 annually per child. Granted, this does often include boarding, but not the cost of stationery, sports equipment and uniforms.

Dr Michael Le Cordeur, Chair of Curriculum Studies at the University of Stellenbosch’s Department of Education, ascertains that “a good education is determined by the quality of teachers, the quality of leadership at the school and how the governing body of the school performs its task.”

However, the question begs whether there is a disparity between the cost of private schools and the education that they provide. The bang may potentially not always be in line with the buck, so to speak.

It may be the case that some expensive schools are able to provide top-notch facilities, an international curriculum, a greater staff-student ratio, and a wider scope of extra-curricular engagements for the pupils.

However, there are still many schools with low- or middle-priced fee structures that also cater highly for their students thanks to donors. It is, therefore, important for parents to decipher how exactly their money will be spent so that they can make careful decisions accordingly.

The general premise is that some of the elite South African schools provide little more for their students than an old school boys/girls network, which offers the dubious advantage of cronyism but doesn’t necessarily make for better rounded or more educated young adults.

So if you are a parent looking for a suitable school for your child, ask yourself when reviewing options whether you will get your money’s worth, or if it would be equally well spent in a school with a different fee structure. Are you simply paying for networking opportunities? Whatever you decide, do so with open eyes. Invest in your child’s future today by doing thorough research and ensuring you have enough money saved to choose the option you believe to be best.

Over the past year or so the financial planning industry has been positioning for significant reform and regulation around fees for financial advice, and Fin24 recently published an article on the Retail Distribution Review (RDR).

The first phase of RDR is expected to bring South Africa a step closer to making direct payment for financial advice a greater reality; creating a new financial advice scenario. And this stage is due to be implemented later this year.

RDR will, among other things, bring an end to commission earned by financial advisors on lump sum investments. It forms part of the Financial Services Board’s (FSB) framework that seeks to ensure fair outcomes to customers and tries to minimise potential conflicts between the interests of customers, product providers and advisors.

Essentially, fees will be charged for advice given in lieu of commission, which will be falling away. Since there is a current perception that financial advice is offered for free, RDR will require a new way of thinking.

Whilst the exact models for charging fees will vary, here are some perspectives on how it might look.

The RDR framework could include hourly-rate billing for the cost of financial advice given, just as a consultation with most other professionals would be charged. It could also take the form of a per-use billing structure, which is effectively a transactional cost for services. And then, in relation to investments, billing could be a fee that is linked as a percentage to the size of the investment.

Another significant paradigm shift, and a very encouraging one at that, is that the focus will be on the financial advice offered, and the ongoing value of having a trusted, knowledgeable, skilled and experienced financial advisor. This separates the value of the advisor, from the value of the product, which could bring more clarity to the final decision making process.

Charging fees for financial advice will also reinforce the value of a relationship that is built on mutual trust and respect in the advisor-client relationship. As the implementation draws closer, it is important for all of us to prepare for financial advice fees.

America is a massive global economy. Whilst we can all agree that whatever happens over there will certainly affect our economy and investment opportunities (local and offshore), you may have some questions as to how it affects us.

Brian Kantor, chief economist and strategist with Investec Wealth, recently published his thoughts online on the BizNews website. The article presents some insightful graphs and specific trends that may not interest everyone, but certainly paint the scene in a way that allows us to see ‘real-time’ affect on our economy.

As a short precursor it’s important to note that Trump’s post-election rallying, from an economic perspective, with all his promises of various reforms, led to a peak in the real bond yields in the US towards the end of December. Real rates have been very low recently as the world-wide demand for capital to invest in extra capacity shrunk away and as global savings rose. This essentially means that the Trump-inspired increase in real rates portended faster economic growth in the US and the extra demands for capital that can be expected to accompany faster growth.

Still… the Trump administration will need to deliver on its promises to deregulate and lower taxes and also to bring jobs home.

As Kantor notes: “These are prospects that have received particular favour from small business in the US, whose confidence levels have reached record highs, as well as from the customers of the leading banks that apparently are now willing to borrow more.

It is this additional confidence of households and business that will influence their willingness to spend and borrow more. Balance sheets of US households have greatly strengthened in recent years, with more saved and more equity in their homes, while lower interest rates have reduced their interest expenses; similarly for business borrowers.”

For our local trade and economy, it is interesting to note just how consistent has been the recent behaviour of the gold price in response to real interest rates. Real interest rates represent the opportunity cost of holding gold. The more expensive it is to own gold, the lower its price.

Aside from a locally perceived inflation trends in the US, the Trump election raised inflation expectations in SA to over 7%. Very recently, however, as the Trump rally faded, inflation expected in SA over the next 10 years, as revealed in the RSA bond market, has receded sharply to below 6.5%.

This must be regarded as helpful for the SA economy.

The Reserve Bank has a highly exaggerated view of the influence of inflation expectations on inflation itself. This retreat in inflation expectations as well as a much improved outlook for inflation itself may encourage the Reserve Bank to reverse the course of short term interest rates – an essential requirement if growth in SA is to pick up momentum.

In addition to this positive perspective is the evidence of a strengthening rand value against the dollar that comes with better inflation. The Rand, after initially weakening in response to the Trump election, has benefitted from a strong recovery of about 7% since November.

As Kantor concludes his statements he says: “Clearly the extra growth and higher US interest rates associated with a Trump administration have neither raised long term rates in SA nor weakened the rand. Indeed the opposite has happened. This should encourage the Reserve Bank to focus on the downside risks to economic growth in SA rather than the upside risks to inflation. These surely have declined, both with the stronger rand and the prospects of lower food prices. The case for lower interest rates in SA has strengthened with the Trump election so that SA too can look forward to faster growth.”

January may begin with resolutions for the year ahead – but March begins with Tax Resolutions for the next tax year. We promise ourselves to be a little more organised, a little more prudent and try to minimise our contributions the next time around.

BusinessTech recently said that with the many challenges small business owners face every day, being tax compliant is often not at the top of the list and tax deadlines often come and go in the struggle of trying to keep the business afloat.

The single, sole proprietor often goes it alone, not realising that business tax returns are far more complicated than individual returns.

Research conducted by TaxTim shows that 58% of small businesses do not get professional help when submitting their annual tax returns. In fact, only 13% handed the role over to an outsourced professional.

Marc Sevitz, co-founder and CFO of the online tax return tool TaxTim, says that SMEs do not have one standard deadline for submission to SARS. SMEs must complete their annual tax returns within 12 months of the end of their financial year, which can be any time from January to December.

If this is ringing a familiar bell with you, then here are some top tax tips!

Use the correct rates for depreciation

If your business owns assets that devalue over time, be sure to use the correct wear and tear rate from SARS’ list of different asset types. For example, computers depreciate at a different rate to vehicles. Also, check whether your business qualifies for the Small Business Corporation or Section 12C Manufacturing Assets special wear and tear allowance.

Know all the allowed deductions

There are numerous deductions and allowances available to SMEs. It is in your best interest to familiarise yourself with them to ensure you never pay more tax for your business than necessary. For example, a business can claim an allowance for a building that it owns, or special tax deductions for leased assets.

Provide properly for provisions

Remember that accounting provisions are treated differently for tax purposes. Ensure you reverse the Provision for Leave Pay and Provision for Employee Bonuses in your business’s tax calculation as these are only deductible for tax once they’ve been paid.

Record every cent earned or spent

Whilst it may sound like an administrative headache, keeping an accurate and up-to-date record of your business’s income and expenses, allocated to their various categories, is critical to ensuring a smooth tax return. The nature and size of your business will determine whether you’d want to look at investing in an accounting software or package, or if a basic spreadsheet record will suffice.

Keep all your slips

Keep all documents relating to income and expenses, such as invoices and receipts, and file them in a logical order. Should SARS request verification on your business’s tax return, you’ll easily be able to supply these. Scrambling around to find slips from the past year can easily be avoided.

Make copies of documents

It’s best to keep both a hard copy and electronic version of documents. Scanned copies can be stored online using cloud services like Google Drive or Dropbox, which ensures they’re safe, even if the originals get lost or if your computer is damaged or stolen.

Store documents for five years

Don’t toss away your documents once you’ve filed your business tax return. Legislation requires that SMEs keep all relevant documents for a minimum of five years. SARS may request a review of previous tax returns and you don’t want to be missing vital documents that impact your business’s tax liability.

Small businesses play a crucial role in the strength of our economy and the future of our country. Let’s keep supporting SMEs where ever we can!

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The Budget for 2017 has been presented to parliament and is awaiting final approval, but if all goes through as planned, here are some key issues that may affect your financial planning for the year – as well as your investment portfolio.

Significant announcements

• New 45% tax rate for those earning more than R1.5 million per annum. (Around 100 000 taxpayers are affected)
• Dividend withholding tax increased from 15% to 20% (this will have an impact on your investments)
• No increases in VAT or Capital Gains Tax (great news on no change to CGT)

Tax changes

• Government will raise an additional R28 billion during the new tax year
• New 45% marginal tax rate for those earning more than R1.5 million per annum
• Other taxpayers will not receive full relief from fiscal drag – the impact of inflation on tax brackets
• Tax on dividends increase from 15% to 20%. (Tim let me show you how to get this down from 20% to ZERO)
• Taxes on fuel to rise by 39c a litre. (Fuel levy +30c and RAF levy +9c)
• Total fuel levy on petrol will amount to 36% of pump price
• Total fuel levy on diesel will amount 40.2% of pump price
• Properties sold for less than R900 000 will not pay transfer duties (2016: from R750 000)
• Sugar tax: Will be implemented once parliament passes legislation
• Carbon tax: Revised legislation will be published mid-2017 for public consultation

Sin taxes

• Duties on malt beer rises by 9% or 12c to R1,47 per 340ml can
• Duty on unfortified wine rises by 8,8% or 30c to R3,61 per liter
• Duty on fortified wine rises by 6,1% or 35c to R6,17 per liter
• Duty on sparkling wine rises by 8,8% or 93c to R11,46 per liter
• Duties on ciders and alcoholic fruit beverages rise by 9% or 12c to R1,47 per 340ml can
• Duty on spirits rises by 8.5% or R4,43 to R56,50 per 750ml bottle
• Duty on cigarettes rise by 8% or R1,06 to R14,30 a packet of 20s
• Duty on cigars rise by 9,5% or R6,58 to R75,86 per 23g

These are some significant announcements but are simply a snapshot of the whole presentation. If you want more information, visit The National Treasury website here.

Some people are amazingly good at bringing order to chaos and organizing their lives in such a way that makes the rest of us simply stand and gawk, thinking ‘How do they do it?’.

Finding just the right amount of order in your life will not only help you minimise waste – but it will also help you reduce stress!

When you can find what you’re looking for, quickly and easily, you will have more time to be creative and work on projects that will help you grow, but you also won’t need to go out and ‘buy another one’…

There are so many great ideas on the web – but here are some of them from 100+ Ideas:

USE ONLINE GROCERY SHOPPING

Think about it: do some clicking in the comfort of your own home at night; select your delivery option – and it’s done. The groceries magically appear – you (and your family) don’t even have to get into your car.

Most of the local online grocery options also enable you to order previously purchased products, keeping a list of your popular items – making it quicker and easier to top up your fridge and pantry each time you log on to your account.

USE HANGING SHOE HOLDERS

Whether it’s behind the bathroom door for extra toiletries and medicines, hanging inside the broom closet with your detergents or in the garage with tools, paints, chemicals and odds and ends – these simple, ridiculously cheap, organizers can be hidden away and hung almost anywhere discreet and give you considerably more shelf space – and allow you to see the full scope of what you have.

You’ll never buy too much jik, or lose your spare razor blades again!

USE A TASK SCHEDULER THAT IS DIFFERENT TO YOUR EMAILS

This is a goodie for your work ethic!

When you’re trying to be super productive at work, nothing is more disruptive than an email coming through that is asking you to ‘quickly’ do something. It breaks your creative work flow, slows you down and increases your stress levels.

Many of us allow our emails, texts or phones to govern our task scheduling. We start off the day with one project in mind – and then if a message comes through, instead of prioritising and scheduling it for later, we deal with it now because we know that if we close that message… we might forget.

Having a task programme that is separate to your emails, allows you to transfer requests, schedule them and stick to the job at hand. And you won’t miss a beat.